Pore structure of reactively synthesized nanolaminate Ti3SiC2 alloyed with Al

Ti₃SiC₂ has the unique properties integrating the advantages of metals and ceramics, and good open pore structure when alloyed with Al. In this work, porous Ti₃SiC₂ compounds with different Al/Si atom ratios were prepared through the reactive synthesis of elemental powders at 1300 °C. The results indicate that the phase compositions are determined by Al element mole number, and that the pore structure can be controlled through varying Ti particle size. The MAX phase transits from Ti₃SiC₂ with Al element mole number no more than 0.6 to Ti₃AlC₂ with Al element mole number in the range of 0.8–1.2. When Al element mole number is 0.6, the porous compound has a single MAX phase of Ti₃SiC₂ with uniform microporous structure and high bending strength. Porous Ti₃SiC₂ alloyed with 0.6Al has a slow linear increase rate of 0.0083%/μm in open porosity with increasing Ti particle size, and a strict linear relationship between the maximum aperture and Ti particle size with the increase rate of 0.0342 μm/μm. The pore structure formed by the phase transition mechanism for porous MAX phase has the smallest tortuosity factor compared with that formed by the clearance mechanism and the Kirkendall effect.     

One-step synthesis of CuCo2O4-Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 nanofibers as high performance composite cathodes of intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells

One-dimensional nanostructured CuCo₂O₄-Sm_0.2Ce_0.8O_1.9 (SDC) nanofibers are prepared by the electrospinning method and one step sintering as a cathode with low polarization resistance for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFC). The CuCo₂O₄-SDC nanofibers cathodes form a porous network structure and have large triple-phase boundaries. Correspondingly, the electrochemical performance of the CuCo₂O₄-SDC nanofibers composite cathodes shows significantly improve, achieving the polarization resistance of 0.061 Ω cm² and the maximum power densities of 976 mW·cm⁻² at 750 °C. Thus, these results suggest that CuCo₂O₄-SDC nanofiber could be a highly active cathode material for IT-SOFCs.     

[学科发展]深冷轧制制备高性能金属材料研究进展

相对于传统热轧、温轧、冷轧，深冷轧制是一项变革性技术，它利用某些金属材料在深冷情况下具有优异的塑性变形能力以及深冷环境阻碍塑性变形过程中位错运动和再结晶行为，促使材料晶粒细化，材料具有更高的强度与韧性。系统地介绍了近年来深冷轧制制备高性能金属材料的研究进展，包括深冷轧制在铝合金、铜合金、钛合金、复合层状金属带材中的应用。对深冷轧制制备高性能金属材料的研究进行了展望。     

镍钴电池Co-S负极材料的电化学特性研究

通过水热法制备Co-S材料,结合XRD分析其相结构,SEM和EDS分析其表面形貌及元素种类,采用充放电测试、循环伏安和交流阻抗法对其进行电化学特性研究。结果表明,该合金仅含有Co3S4、Co9S8和Co(OH)2, 结晶性良好,呈交叉生长的纳米薄片状,放电电流密度为150 mA/g时的最大放电容量为393.1mAh/g,50次循环后的容量保持率高达80.6%。当放电电流密度为1200 mA/g时,该电极的高倍率放电性能为79.3%。通过循环伏安和交流阻抗分析可知Co-S电极主要发生Co/Co(OH)2的法拉第反应,不可逆产物CoOOH的生成降低了活性物质的利用率,导致放电容量衰减。     

基于平面复合降阻材料的杆塔基础接地降阻研究

杆塔基础自然接地作为输电线路重要的接地装置,能减少外延接地及降阻施工成本。针对特高压输电线路杆塔基础接地提出基于平面复合降阻材料的塔基外敷接地降阻策略,首先,采用CDEGS仿真计算软件建立特高压杆塔单根浇注桩接地计算模型,分析均匀土壤、多层土壤、混合土壤三种条件下的外敷接地降阻效果;然后,通过单个塔基外敷计算模型分析外敷材料不同敷设方式的降阻效率;最后,计算完整杆塔基础外敷接地降阻效率和散流分布特征,并与水平人工外延接地降阻方式进行对比。结果表明,外敷接地降阻效率与土壤条件、敷设位置等因素有关,在高土壤电阻率条件下,塔基外敷接地降阻效率超过22%,与水平人工外延接地相比,塔基外敷接地降阻的散流比超过96%,接地材料利用率高,可减少征地和二次接地施工成本。     

变截面涡旋盘高速铣削仿真加工与实验研究

为减小变截面涡旋盘涡旋齿的变形,提高加工精度,需确定合理的铣削参数。开展了变截面涡旋盘高速铣削仿真与实验研究以确定铣削参数的合理取值范围;选用HT250变截面涡旋盘为研究对象,研究了更接近实际的材料本构模型、刀-屑摩擦模型和热传导控制方程等关键技术;建立了变截面涡旋盘几何模型和简化后的二维铣削模型,利用ABAQUS软件仿真切屑成形过程及不同的铣削参数对铣削力、铣削热影响的变化曲线;通过多因素正交实验加工变截面涡旋盘。结果表明:当主轴转速为3500 r/min、每齿进给量为0.1 mm以及切削深度为2.5 mm时进行铣削更加合理。铣削变截面涡旋盘的研究为加工参数的选择提供了依据和参考;依据实验后所得的铣削参数进行铣削可减小铣削力、铣削温度及齿变形,提高了变截面涡旋盘的加工效率和质量。     

光伏废料制备Si3N4-SiC材料的抗氧化性和抗侵蚀性

将光伏废料经酸洗除杂后,与硅粉按85∶15的质量比配料,以聚乙二醇做结合剂,成型为10 mm×10 mm×20 mm的生坯后,在1380℃保温2 h氮化制成Si3N4-SiC材料,然后研究了该Si3N4-SiC材料的抗氧化性和抗侵蚀性。结果表明:1)制备的Si3N4-SiC材料在空气气氛中抗氧化性较好,主要是由于其氧化产物Si2N2O和SiO2填充气孔,促进烧结,提高了试样的致密度。2)在静态熔盐(Na3AlF6)中的抗侵蚀性能较好,主要是由于Na3AlF6渗入气孔中,使其显气孔率降低。3)在动态熔盐中的抗侵蚀性相对变差,主要是由于CO2气体的搅拌和对Si3N4、SiC的氧化二者共同作用的结果。     

高压料床挤压对钢渣易磨性改善的应用研究

在分析了大量钢渣原料的化学成分、矿物组成和粉磨邦德功指数基础上，依据辊压机高压料床挤压粉碎原理，本文采用辊压机对钢渣进行预挤压试验，并参照相对易磨性试验方法，对比了挤压前后钢渣粉磨特性的变化，试验结果表明辊压机高压料床的挤压粉碎作用大大改善了钢渣的易磨性，有效的降低了钢渣的粉磨电耗。     

热轧带钢卷取机夹送辊修复材料与再制造工艺研究

为了提高热轧带钢卷取机夹送辊表面的修复质量，通过正交试验优选出埋弧堆焊专用焊丝ZJ－11和ZJ－12，过渡层选用ZJ－11药芯焊丝，堆焊硬层选用ZJ－12药芯焊丝，采用优选出的焊丝进行了堆焊修复试验。试验结果显示，堆焊焊缝金相组织中的马氏体更加细化，且碳化物颗粒明显增加，材料的硬度与耐磨性显著提升。研究表明，通过采用合理的再制造工艺对热轧带钢卷取机夹送辊进行修复，修复后满足要求，使用效果良好，显著提高了夹送辊的使用寿命。     

Soft-Magnetic High-Entropy AlCoFeMnNi Alloys with Dual-Phase Microstructures Induced by Annealing

The simultaneous enhancement of magnetic and mechanical properties is desirable but challenging for soft-magnetic materials.A fabrication strategy to meet this requirement is therefore in high demand.Herein,bulk equiatomic dual-phase AlCoFeMnNi high-entropy alloys were fabricated via a magnetic levitation induction melting and casting process followed by annealing at 700-1000℃,and their microstructures as well as mechanical and magnetic properties were investigated.The as-cast alloy possessed a single metastable B2-ordered solid solution that decomposed upon annealing into a dual-phase structure comprising an Al-and Ni-rich body-centered cubic(BCC) matrix and Fe-and Mn-rich face-centered cubic(FCC)precipitates both in the grain interior and along the grain boundaries.The magnetic and mechanical properties were closely related to the relative volume fraction of FCC in the alloy.The FCC volume fraction could be increased by increasing the annealing temperature,thereby offering tunable properties.The optimal annealing temperature for balanced magnetic and mechanical properties was found to be 800℃.The alloy annealed at this temperature had an average BCC grain size of 12±3μm and FCC volume fraction of 41±4%.Correspondingly,the s aturation magnetization and coercivity reached 82.57 Am~2/kg and 433 A/m,respectively.The compressive yield strength and fracture strength were 1022 and 2539 MPa,respectively,and the plasticity was 33%.Owing to its adjustable microstructure and properties,the AlCoFeMnNi alloy has potential for use as a multi-functional soft-magnetic material.